Declarations

All articles must include the following sections under the 'Declaration' heading:

• Ethical Approval and Participant Consent

• Publication Permission • Availability of Data and Materials • Conflict of Interest

• Funding

• Author Contributions

• Acknowledgments

• Author Information (optional)

Please refer below for details regarding the information to be included in each section.

If any of these sections are not applicable to your article, please add the title and write 'Not Applicable' for that section.

Ethical Approval and Participant Consent

For articles reporting studies involving human data or human tissue:

• Include a statement regarding ethical approval and consent (even if waived).

• Provide the name of the ethics committee approving the study and, if available, the committee reference number. For studies involving animals, a statement regarding ethical approval must be included. For experimental studies involving animals owned by an individual, authors should also provide an explanation regarding informed consent from the owner. For further details, please refer to our content policies. If your article does not report any human or animal data or tissue usage, please state "Not Applicable" in this section.

Publication Permission

If your article includes any individual's data (including any personal details, images, or videos), consent for publication must be obtained from that individual, or in the case of children, from their parents or legal guardians. All presentations of case reports must have obtained consent for publication. If your article does not contain data pertaining to any individual, please state "Not Applicable" in this section.

Availability of Data and Materials

All articles must include a statement regarding "Availability of Data and Materials." Statements of data availability should include information on where the data supporting the findings reported in the article can be found, including publicly archived datasets analyzed or generated during the study. By data, we refer to the minimum dataset necessary to interpret, replicate, and build upon the findings reported in the article. We understand that sharing research data publicly may not always be possible, for example, in cases where individual privacy could be compromised, and in such situations, data availability should still be stated in the article along with any access conditions. Statements of data availability can take one of the following forms (or a combination of several forms if necessary for multiple datasets):

• Data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

• All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

• Data sets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to [REASON(S) WHY THE DATA ARE NOT PUBLIC] but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. • Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

• The data supporting the findings of this study are available from [THIRD PARTY NAME] but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study and are therefore not publicly available. However, data are available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission from [THIRD PARTY NAME].

• Not Applicable. If your article does not contain any data, please state "Not Applicable" in this section.

Conflict of Interest

All financial and non-financial conflicts of interest must be declared in this section. Please refer to our content policies for a full description of conflicts of interest. If you are unsure whether you or any of your co-authors have a conflict of interest, please contact the editorial office. Please use the initials of the authors in this section to reference each author's conflicts of interest. If there are no conflicts of interest, please state "The authors declare no conflicts of interest" in this section.

Funding

All sources of funding for the reported research must be declared. The role of the funding body in the design of the study, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, and in writing the manuscript should be acknowledged. If there is no funding, please add "Not Applicable" to this section.

Author Contributions

Individual contributions of authors to the manuscript must be specified in this section. Guidance and criteria for authorship can be found in our content policies. Please use the initials of each author to reference their contributions in this section, for example: "FC analyzed and interpreted patient data regarding hematologic disease and transplantation. RH performed the histological examination of the kidney and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."

Acknowledgments

Please acknowledge any contributions to the article that do not meet the criteria for authorship, including professional writing services or materials provided. Authors must obtain permission from all individuals acknowledged in the Acknowledgments section. If there are no acknowledgments to make, please state "Not Applicable" in this section.

Author Information

This section is optional. You may choose to use this section to provide relevant information about the author(s) that could assist readers in interpreting the article and understanding the authors' perspectives. This may include details about the authors' qualifications, current positions held at institutions or communities, or other relevant background information. Please identify authors using their initials. Note that this section should not be used to identify any conflicting interests.