The Effect of Social Media Use on Neuropsychological Functions: An Examination in Terms of Attention, Memory, and Reward Systems

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effects of social media use on neuropsychological functions, including attention, memory, and the reward system, in the context of increasing digitalization in modern society. Social media platforms are defined as digital environments that enable individuals to communicate, create, and share content online, thereby influencing cognitive and emotional processes in multifaceted ways. A qualitative research method was employed, and relevant Turkish and English studies published between 2010 and 2024 were reviewed using Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Dergipark. Studies were selected using the keywords “social media,” “attention,” “memory,” “reward system,” and “neuropsychological functions,” and the data were analyzed using a content analysis approach. The findings indicate that social media use has both positive and negative effects on neuropsychological processes. Structured and purpose-oriented use enhances cognitive flexibility, learning ability, and recall performance, whereas excessive and uncontrolled use reduces attention span, shallow information processing, and concentration difficulties. Additionally, social media interactions “particularly likes and comments” trigger dopamine release, creating short-term pleasure and motivation but also increasing the risk of long-term addiction. Overall, the results suggest that the neuropsychological effects of social media are closely related to content type, use intensity, and individual differences. Consequently, it is recommended that the cognitive and neurological impacts of social media be managed through balanced, mindful, and controlled usage strategies.