Provincial Autonomy and the Erosion of Federal Authority in Canada: The Political Anatomy of a Silent Transformation

Ali Nazmi Çora

doi:10.35365/eass.26.1.04

Yazarlar

Ali Nazmi Çora Onbeş Kasım Kıbrıs Üniversitesi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4159-0230

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35365/eass.26.1.04

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kanada Federalizmi, Eyalet Özerkliği, Hükümetlerarası İlişkiler, Alberta Egemenlik Yasası

Özet

Bu araştırma, Kanada federalizminin son yıllarda geçirdiği kurumsal ve işlevsel dönüşümü incelemekte; özellikle eyalet özerkliğinin artmasıyla federal otoritenin giderek zayıfladığı “sessiz bir parçalanma” sürecini sistematik biçimde analiz etmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, Alberta, Quebec ve Britanya Kolombiyası gibi kilit eyaletlerde gözlemlenen özerklik eğilimlerinin Kanada federasyonunun uyum ve işbirliğine dayalı yönetişim kapasitesi üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırmalı bir perspektifle değerlendirmektir. Niteliksel içerik analizi yöntemi benimsenerek 2019–2024 dönemine ait resmi politika belgeleri, eyalet ve federal düzeyde yasama materyalleri, hükümet bildirgeleri, siyasi söylemler ve hakemli akademik literatür sistematik biçimde incelenmiştir. Bulgular; enerji düzenlemesi, göç, çevre politikası ve uluslararası ilişkiler gibi geleneksel olarak federal yetki alanına giren konularda eyaletlerin artan düzeyde bağımsız hareket ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Alberta’nın Egemenlik Yasası, Quebec’in işlevsel özerkliği ve Britanya Kolombiyası’nın para-diplomatik açılımları, federal koordinasyon mekanizmalarının somut biçimde zayıfladığını göstermektedir. Saskatchewan ve Newfoundland örnekleri ise bu eğilimin bölgesel bir istisna olmadığını, ulusal ölçekte yapısal bir dönüşümü yansıttığını kanıtlamaktadır. Tartışma bölümünde, söz konusu parçalanmanın Kanada’nın ulusal birlik, demokratik hesap verebilirlik ve uluslararası temsil gücü üzerindeki uzun vadeli yapısal sonuçları irdelenmiştir. Araştırma ayrıca hükümetlerarası işbirliği mekanizmalarının yeniden güçlendirilmesinin kurumsal tutarlılığın sağlanması açısından zorunlu olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Kanada federasyonu açık bir anayasal kriz yaşamamakla birlikte, federal otoritenin fiilî olarak aşındığı ve federasyonun uzun vadeli sürdürülebilirliğini tehdit eden sessiz ama derin bir yeniden yapılanma sürecine girdiği ileri sürülmektedir.

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